Tires submodule
Use tire parameters to define tire structure, longitudinal grip, lateral grip, and camber dependency for each vehicle corner.
Tires define the structural, longitudinal, lateral, and camber-dependent grip model selected at each vehicle corner. Vehicles select separate front-left, front-right, rear-left, and rear-right tire modules.
When to use it
Use tires when you need a reusable setup building block that can be selected in a vehicle assembly. Create and maintain it from Design > Tires, then select it in the vehicle slot Tire Front Left, Tire Front Right, Tire Rear Left, and Tire Rear Right.
How it fits vehicle setup
- Create or duplicate the submodule from the Design section.
- Open the submodule row to review and edit parameter values.
- Save changes with Update Data.
- Open Vehicles and select the submodule in Vehicle Assembly.
- Use the vehicle detail tabs to inspect the selected submodule inside the vehicle context.
You need module create permission to create a new submodule and module update permission to edit values.
Parameter reference
Units, defaults, and ranges show n/a when no stable user-facing value was verified in the source used for this page. Method rows control which constant, lookup table, or polynomial rows are active in the product table.
Basic
| Parameter | Description | Units | Default | Validation / Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unloaded Radius | The tire radius when it is without vertical load. | mm | n/a | n/a |
| Vertical Stiffness | The vertical spring stiffness of the tire. | N/mm | n/a | n/a |
| Vertical Damping | The vertical damping rate of the tire. | Ns/mm | n/a | n/a |
| Radial Expansion | The radial expansion of the tire dependent on the forward speed of the tire. | mm/(m/s) | n/a | n/a |
| Rolling Resistance | The dimensionless rolling resistance coefficient that will be multiplied by the tires vertical force to determine the rolling resistance force. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Shape Factor | This parameter defines how pronounced the peak of the longitudinal force curve will be. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Load Influence | This parameter defines how much the longitudinal mue falls off with increasing vertical load in relation to the “Reference Load”, or vice versa, increases with reduced vertical load in relation to the “Reference Load”. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Peak Friction | This parameter defines the longitudinal mue at the “Reference Load”. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Curvature Factor | This parameter defines the initial slope of the longitudinal force curve and the slip at which the peak occurs and how those two aspects vary depending on the vertical load. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Change of Stiffness with Slip | This parameter defines the initial slope of the longitudinal force curve and the slip at which the peak occurs. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Reference Vertical Load | The vertical load at which the longitudinal “Friction Coefficient” and “Load Influence” are defined. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Combined Slip Angle Factor | This parameter defines the combined slip behavior depending on the slip angle when calculating the longitudinal tyre force. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Combined Slip Ratio Factor | This parameter defines the combined slip behavior depending on the slip ratio when calculating the longitudinal tyre force. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Mue Max | A maximum value for the longitudinal mue. This will prevent really extreme values to be calculated during simulation that can fail the simulation. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Mue Min | A minimum value for the longitudinal mue. This will prevent really extreme values to be calculated during simulation that can fail the simulation. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Reduction Camber Angle | The camber angle at which the defined factor (=Fx Factor at Camber Reduction camber Angle) will be applied. | deg | n/a | n/a |
| Factor at Camber Reduction camber Angle | The factor that Fx will be multiplied by when at the defined camber angle (=Fx Reduction Camber Angle). | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Factor Threshold | The minimum ratio that Fx can ever be reduced to due to camber. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Shape Factor | This parameter defines how pronounced the peak of the lateral force curve will be. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Load Influence | This parameter defines how much the lateral mue falls off with increasing vertical load in relation to the “Reference Load”, or vice versa, increases with reduced vertical load in relation to the “Reference Load”. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Peak Friction | This parameter defines the lateral mue at the “Reference Load”. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Curvature Factor | This parameter defines the initial slope of the lateral force curve and the slip at which the peak occurs and how those two aspects vary depending on the vertical load. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Change of Stiffness with Slip | This parameter defines the initial slope of the lateral force curve and the slip at which the peak occurs. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Reference Vertical Load | The vertical load at which the lateral “Friction Coefficient” and “Load Influence” are defined. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Combined Slip Ratio Factor | This parameter defines the combined slip behavior depending on the slip ratio when calculating the lateral tyre force. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Combined Slip Angle Factor | This parameter defines the combined slip behavior depending on the slip angle when calculating the lateral tyre force. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Mue Max | A maximum value for the lateral mue. This will prevent really extreme values to be calculated during simulation that can fail the simulation. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Mue Min | A minimum value for the lateral mue. This will prevent really extreme values to be calculated during simulation that can fail the simulation. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Optimal Camber Angle | The camber angle at which the highest lateral force is provided. | deg | n/a | n/a |
| Factor at Optimal Camber Angle | The factor that Fy will be multiplied by when at the optimal camber angle. | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Factor Threshold | The minimum ratio that Fy can ever be reduced to due to camber. | n/a | n/a | n/a |